THE SENSORS NOTES
Sensor notes
A product title is a list of words. A sensor is a named measurement principle.
What is the difference between a product title and a named sensor?
A product title can list PM2.5, carbon dioxide, TVOC and HCHO without naming a measurement principle. A named sensor states the method: laser scattering for particles, NDIR or photoacoustic detection for carbon dioxide, an electrochemical cell, or a metal-oxide film. These notes use that distinction. They do not treat the four related shop listings as confirmed instruments, and this publication has not published original room series. Adafruit’s SCD-30 page names NDIR; a shop title that only prints CO₂ does not.
| Note | The distinction it keeps |
|---|---|
| Title versus body | Catalogue words stay unused until the body names a principle. |
| True CO₂ versus eCO₂ | NDIR or photoacoustic detection is not an SGP30-style estimate. |
| Particles versus gases | A laser spike is not a formaldehyde result. |
| TVOC and HCHO | A relative index or an electrochemical cell is not a traceable concentration. |
How do true carbon dioxide, particles and low-cost gas readings differ?
True carbon dioxide on these pages means NDIR or photoacoustic detection, as the Adafruit SCD-30 and SCD-4x tutorials describe, not an eCO₂ estimate from a metal-oxide sensor such as the SGP30. A laser channel counts scattered particles. An electrochemical listing and a metal-oxide TVOC index are different measurements again. AirGradient’s photoacoustic comparison is a manufacturer post and is labelled as such. None of those figures is an AirMeasure UK co-location, and a consumer reading is not a medical result.
- NDIR or photoacoustic: carbon dioxide.
- Laser scatter: particles.
- Electrochemical or metal-oxide: a gas or a relative index.

Source-based noteA product title is not a sensor
Four related retail listings name PM2.5, CO₂ or HCHO in the title. Only the body text, and only where it names a principle, can be treated as a clue.
8 MIN READ ↗
Source-based noteTrue carbon dioxide is not eCO₂
NDIR and photoacoustic sensors measure carbon dioxide. SGP30-style eCO₂ estimates it from volatile organics. The two numbers do not answer the same question.
8 MIN READ ↗
Source-based noteParticles and gases are different sensors
A laser counts scattered particles. Infrared, electrochemical and metal-oxide sensors look at gases. A cooking spike is a particle event until a gas sensor of a named type is also in the log.
7 MIN READ ↗
Source-based noteLow-cost TVOC and HCHO stay relative
Metal-oxide TVOC is a relative index with cross-sensitivity and a learning baseline. An electrochemical formaldehyde cell is not a traceable HCHO method.
8 MIN READ ↗